Introduction nigeria and nigerians have been caught in the frenzy of centenary celebration. Several dominant themes in nigerian history are essential for understanding contemporary nigerian politics and society. Educational policy in nigeria from the colonial era to the. Thus, in one sentence this veteran of the nationalist struggle in nigeria and in africa at large and the leading statesman of by far the most populous country of africa, summed up his experience of both nigerian and african politics. The colonial era until 1960, post independence legislation 19601966, the military era 19661999. The history of political parties in nigeria began when the first political party in nigeria was established in 1959, the year before nigeria gained her independence from great britain. In the first republic, the last governorgeneral of nigeria, dr. Nnamdi azikiwe became the first president of independent nigeria, with sir. Nigeria was granted independence on october 1, 1960.
With all these numbers, it is fair to say nigeria has been blessed with so much human and natural resources to make it the envy of any nation. The political economy of a country is pivotal to its economic dynamics as well as its social system. They date back as far as the 5th century bc, when communities living around the southern slopes of the jos plateau make wonderfully expressive terracotta figures in a tradition known now as the nok culture, from the nigerian village where these. Islam reached nigeria through the borno empire between 1068 ad and hausa states around 85 ad during the. The ncnc was controlled by the igbos, the tribe dominating the eastern region. In 1971, william tubman, liberias president of 27 years, died while in office. Democracy in nigeria has been a mere political desideratum hanging on a limping utopia adewusi, 2011. The evolution of trade union in nigeria can be tied to. Nigeria became a federal republic, modelling its federal. This study aimed at examining the role of the mass media in promoting the nigerian cultural heritage. Colonialism is a major feature of the economic history of nigeria. Toyin falola and matthew heaton describe their project as a general background survey of the broad themes of nigeria s history from the beginnings of human habitation to the early twentyfirst century p. List of books and articles about nigerian history online.
Elections for these offices were held in 1959 and three political parties participated in it. First, the spread of islam, predominantly in the north but later in southwestern nigeria as well, began a millennium ago. Nigeria is said to be a british creation by uniting the various nationalities into a single country today known as the federal republic of nigeria. After independence, the nigerian economy seemed very promising. The economist offers authoritative insight and opinion on international news, politics, business, finance, science, technology and the connections between them. Overages, the country has been held hostage in shackles and coffin of corruption in nigeria and its adverse effect on the countrymen and women, it is no longer that new corruption has become a household menace that erupts from public office holders to the floor of common man in the room, how it happens, the forms it.
History of political parties in nigeria nigerian finder. A true democracy is a sine qua non for the development of all sectors of any countrys economy. It borders on the gulf of guinea an arm of the atlantic ocean in the south, on benin in the west, on niger in the northwest and north, on chad in the northeast, and on cameroon in the east. Nigeria shall be a federation consisting of states and a federal capital territory. First, the spread of islam, predominantly in the north but later in southwestern nigeria as well, began a. The future of nigerian politics lies in tolerating civilian governance. Toyin falola, a leading historian intimately acquainted. Available records on the history of the political development of nigeria since independence have shown that the reins of government has always fallen into the hands of a political leadership class that showed more interest in private, group or ethnic gains than in the general wellbeing of the nigerian state. Afro asian journal of social sciences volume 1, no. History of corruption in nigeria nigeria is africas most populous nation and largest economy.
Numerous ancient african civilizations settled in the region that is today nigeria, such as the kingdom of nri, the benin empire, and the oyo empire. Theoretical perspective 79 languages, customs and traditions gives the country a rich cultural diversity. Trends in government, labour relations, oil and gas industry, nigeria introduction the socio political environment of nigeria nigeria is the most populous black nation in the world. Both the 1979 and the 1999 constitutions of nigeria mandate the mass media to ensure that government protects, preserves and promotes certain cultures. All progressives congress apc, peoples democratic party pdp, apga, labour party and others. On 1, october 1960, nigeria, after several years of british colonial rule, became an independent nation. There is a widened western educational gap between the north and south of nigeria with the predominantly muslim areas of the north lagging behind due to some historical antecedents. Ethnic and religious clashes have continued in africas most densely populated nation.
Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria. If you know nothing about government and affairs of state, there are politics books for beginners on jumia that will give you an insight into the relevance of democracy and the fight for justice. Obafemi awolowo, nigerian statesman who was a strong and influential advocate of independence, nationalism, and federalism. Nigeria could have experience great development in his regime if not that president yaradua was a sickler. It was in on the 1 st of october 1960, when nigeria publicly announced her independence from great britain, and it officially became a republic. The organisation projects a population of 203 million in 2025 and 279 million in 2050, when nigeria is expected to have the worlds 6th largest population. History of nigeria the history of nigeria can be traced to settlers trading across the middle east and africa as early as 1100 bc. Historical background of nigerian politics, 19001960. Issues on nigerian peoples and culture is the title of this book and also one of the general benchmark course requirements of the nuc for undergraduate studies in nigeria. We are going to focus specially on those days between 1900 and 1960. It is a phenomenon that had existed even during the british rule and dominance of the political reign of the niger area people. University of nigeria virtual library serial no isbn.
Nigeria has three predominant regions, namely northern nigeria inhabited by the hausas, west nigeria with the yoruba and south with the igbos. Journal of nigeria studies volume 1, number 2, fall 2012 political leadership and corruption in nigeria since 1960. And of course, this country has quite a history behind it. Ahistoryofnigeria nigeria is africas most populous country and the worlds eighth largest oil producer, but its success has been undermined in recent decades by ethnic and religious con. Nigeria has been recording low participation of women in both elective and appointive positions. Nigeria is one indivisible and indissoluble sovereign state to be known by the name of the federal republic of nigeria.
The discussion is based on a local case from the nigerian middle belt which will be interpreted in the light of two wider contexts, that of the african continent in general and that of the specific nigerian context. Monitoring participation of women in politics in nigeria paper presented by mrs. With a restoration of democracy, nigerians are very much determined to sustain it and make the future generation proud to be a part of this great nation. Table of contents corruption in nigeria historycorruption in nigeria causeseffects of corruption in nigeriasolution to. Nigeria 19641968, the situation was characterized in this manner. In this paper i shall discuss the politics of history in northern nigeria. Nigerias flag consists of three equal vertical bands of green, white, and green. Institute of african studies university of nigeria, nsukka abstract the precolonial ethnic nationalities that make up the present nigerian state had leadership structures and systems of governance in place before the arrival of the western colonialists, but.
Causes, types, effects, and solutions to corruption in nigeria. Author 3 title social life and party politics in nigeria keywords description social life and party politics in nigeria category social science education publisher cannon publishers ltd publication date 1997. Failure of the elections conducted by the civilian government in 1965 and 1983 brought about the military intervention. Chronology of political regimes in nigeria since 1 october 1960 28. Nigeria is a famous country with more than one hundred and forty million population. But a political system crippled by corruption and dogged by ethnic tensions threatens to derail the. National council of nigeria and the cameroons ncnc. The political economy of state creation and socioeconomic development in nigeria dele adetoye, phd ekiti state university, ado ekiti, nigeria abstract the study is a longitudinal historical analysis of state creation exercise and its potentials for jumpstarting socioeconomic development among the people of benefiting areas in nigeria. History of political parties in nigeria information. Nigeria, once stated that africa should seek unity in diversity and diversity in unity. Nigerians shortlived democratic experiment after independence could be attributed to the following factors among others. In the nigerian case study, the reconfiguration, formation of political parties, distribution of human.
The grant of independence to nigeria was a milestone in the political history of the country. Jan 10, 2016 during his regime nigeria experience peace and he also concentrate most on rule of law he is of the notion that every humans are equally and should be treated equally. Rwanda, burundi, zaire, ethiopia zanzibar, uganda, nigeria, the chad and angola 1. In particular, international attention has been drawn to the application of sharia law to criminal offences and the.
The second political party was the northern peoples congress npc and it. Nigeria s flag consists of three equal vertical bands of green, white, and green. Nigeria yesterday today by godwin sogolo is definitely one of the best history books to read. Nigeria has made progress since its return to democracy in 1999. Corruption in nigeria causes, types, effects, and solutions. On the coast of west african, an area of 356,669 square miles has been covered, which was known officially as the federal republic of nigeria in 1963. Its socialscientistic treatment of the key issues across ethnic and regional boundaries gives it a refreshing new flavour. Nigeria adopted the presidential system of government modeled after the american system in preference to the british parliamentary system. Regrettably, since independence a notable surviving legacy of the successive political leadership both civilian and military that have managed the affairs of the. Contents definition of colonialismeffectsimpact of colonialism on nigeria definition of colonialism colonialism means a system which the europeans adopted in ruling the colonies of africa to their own benefits. Nairaland forum nairaland general politics what is the importance of census in nigeria. Though this study will limit itself to the pivotal roles the mass media should play in shaping the desired political culture in nigeria yet, it is aimed at highlighting the areas in which the mass media can intervene in promoting the desired political. The politics of history in northern nigeria niels kastfelt centre of african studies university of copenhagen paper presented to the research seminar of the african studies centre, leiden, 27 april 2006 the politics of history in contemporary africa in recent years there has been a growing interest in the political uses of history in africa.
Its seven most populous cities each house more than one million people, and about one out of two west africans is from nigeria. The history of nigeria before independence in order to understand the current nigerian politics and society, three dominant characteristics need to be taken into account. This has shaped how nigerians perceive issues of politics and nation building. By extension, the electoral act 2010 stipulates the ceiling of expenses by candidates and political parties for specific elective positions. He was declared the winner of the controversial nigerian general election of 2007, held on april 21, and was sworn in on may 29, 2007. The political, economic and social dynamics of nigeria africa portal. The plateau area around jos was a meeting point for cultural influences from the upper niger valley where agriculture developed independently as early as 5000 bce and from egypt. History and development of political parties in nigeria. History of nigeria the history of nigeria can be traced to prehistoric settlers nigerians living in the area as early as 1100 bc. In this writeup, you will have the opportunity to learn about what actually transpired in nigeria during the colonial days. Nigeria s history is replete with shortlived governments, dysfunctional institutions and poor leadership.
The ncnc, now headed by azikiwe who had taken control after macaulays death in 1946, formed a coalition with balewas npc after neither party won a majority in the 1959 elections. The first set of political parties to be formed in nigeria was formed in 1959, shortly before nigeria gained her independence from britain. International journal of politics and good governance volume 5, no. Awolowo was born in ikenne, then part of the british colony and protectorate of southern nigeria. This newly formed country would go on to become a republic three years down the line on 1, october, 1963. Under the 1999 constitution, executive power is vested in a president who serves as both the head of state and the chief executive, is directly elected to a fouryear term, and nominates the vice president and members of the cabinet. Political leadership and corruption in nigeria since.
A new constitution established a federal system with an elected prime minister and a ceremonial head of state. Introduction by the time nigeria gained its independence, it was entering a period of rapid social and economic change, and many people were quite optimistic about its future. Nigerias political system and the people vanguard news. Nigeria rapidly suffers economic crisis and political disorder. Nigeria politics news, nigerian politician news, updates from all nigerian political parties. This study investigates the political economy of globalization in the development process in nigeria. Although the years since nigeria s return to civilian rule in 1999 have seen an increased interest in its history and politics, nigeria remains one of the most underresearched african countries.
Nigeria is a nation of vast human and natural resource potential that has experienced. An appraisal of precipitating factors in nigeria olayiwola victor ojo m sc political science, university of ilorin, ilorin, nigeria abstract. He served as governor of katsina state in northern nigeria between may 29, 1999 and may 28, 2007. Democracy is a vital instrument that propels political proficiency, economic development and social stability of any nation state. Many saw nigeria, with 15% of africas population, as an emerging economy. But how, has the media fared in this onerous task is what this study seeks to address. The political and governmental history of nigeria nigerian. While politics and the process of politicking do not necessarily. Britain eventually gained control of nigerian administration. Although the years since nigerias return to civilian rule in 1999 have seen an increased interest in its history and politics, nigeria remains one of the most underresearched african countries. Late 19th century and early 20th century lagos was also a center for educated.
The three political parties were the national council of nigeria and the cameroons ncnc. The nigerian educational system allocations were 45 percent and 22 percent of the requests respectively. Ever since this merger, the polity has been characterized by ethnoreligious politics which has being the bane to national unity. Neither brief cilivian governments nor frequent military intervention prove able to rescue the situation. Many of the first republic politicians were not corrupt since the majority of them came into politics with ideologies and principles. These political parties were the national council of nigeria and cameroons ncnc, the northern peoples congress npc and the action group ag. Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria 1. Very complicated african politics, in which tribes, religions and economics all play a part, are involved in the situation. Lukman that nigeria badly needed a leadership that can rescue the country from the depth of chronic indiscipline, disorder. Profiting from the weaknesses and strengths of its predecessors, it treats not only nigerian politics, administration and economy but focuses also on culture and social history especially on art, music, literature and drama. It is also the largest oil producer in the continent. The famous names were the nigerian national democratic party nndp of herbert macaulay which dominated lagos politics in the 1920s and 1930s, but later dissolved into the national council for. Historical background several dominant themes in nigerian history are essential for understanding contemporary nigerian politics and society.
The constitution provides for a bicameral national assembly, which consists of the house of representatives and the. A brief history of liberia international center for. Recent questions notice incompleteness in the book what is the true history of the education in the usmaniyya caliphate that triumph in the northern part of the country. A history of nigeria is an impressive book, the more so because its ambitions initially appear straightforward. He was also known for his progressive views concerning social welfare. However, in nigeria, owing to incessant military coups coupled with the ethnicisation of politics. His experience of nigerian politics alone provided him with an ample background for appraising many of the problems which have bedevilled african.
Controversies surrounding the 2007 presidential election. An analysis grace malachi brown, phd department of history and diplomatic studies faculty of humanities rivers state university of education pmb 5047, rumuolumeni port harcourt, rivers state nigeria. Read below and see the main stages and dates of the history of democracy in nigeria. After independence, nigeria has practiced different forms of government until it eventually became a democratic nation. History of nigeria before independence 1914 till date. It examines the impact of globalization on industrialization and the attendant problems of globalization on the nigerian economy.
Nigeria is the most populous cou ntry in africa, the second biggest economy, the third largest military power and the biggest oil producer 10th oil producer in the world. Political leadership and corruption in nigeria since 1960. Oloyede oluyemi national bureau of statistics nbs, abuja, nigeria abstract nigeria has been recording low participation of women in both elective and appointive positions. Pdf the nigerian civil war in history and historiography. End of americoliberian rule liberia began to change during the 1970s. Tafawa balewa serving as the first and only prime minister of the country the government of the first republic did not last as it came to a halt via several coup attempts with the first. The impact of colonialism in nigeria could be discussed under political, economic, social, educational and religious aspects. The history of nigeria before independence from 1914 till date nigeria stood as the biggest black country on the globe because of its estimated population of 190,000,00. Nigeria has a long history, with its roots in early civilisations of distinguished artistry. Governmental and political history of nigeria the first republic. Nigerias creaky political system council on foreign. The history of the nigerian army and the implications for the future of nigeria, by maj fredrick c. The political, economic and social dynamics of nigeria.
In 1959, there were three political parties in the country and they include the following. Nigeria under umaru musa yaradua and goodluck jonathan. Nigeria contains more historic cultures and empires than any other other nation in africa. To ask other readers questions about history of education in nigeria, please sign up. Expectedly, politics by its nature and character is to give birth to a democratic structure capable of engendering development. It should also be noted that state governments also finance higher education in nigeria but the magnitude of their finances on higher education varies according to the number of such institutions that are owned by such states. Ethnic politics and democratic consolidation in nigeria. Introduction history of islam in nigeria jihad islamic law sharia islam and politics islamic movements, islamic reform selected web resources there has been considerable recent media coverage of the implementation of islamic sharia law in the northern states of nigeria. In nigeria, the history of political parties is as old as the history of the british imposition and colonization of the largest nation of the black people.
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